If the turbidity and colour of the raw water are not much higher than is permissible for drinking water, it should be possible to avoid chemical coagulation in the treatment of the water. Improving the efficiency of a coagulationflocculation. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Prospects and challenges of using coagulationflocculation. During flocculation, the solution is mixed gently, providing time and. Coagulation and flocculation are two processes commonly used in water treatment in order to get rid of unwanted suspended material in water.
Efficiency of coagulation and flocculation process combined with. It is specific to each application and is dependent upon the sample, the coagulation and flocculation. During coagulation, chemicals are added to make particles clump together. The optimum ph for the coagulation and flocculation process must be determined experimentally. Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. Coagulation and flocculation are designed to remove infectious agents, remove toxic compounds that have adsorbed. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking. The suspended particles vary considerably in source, composition charge, particle size, shape. In a second experiment, river water ph was adjusted at different phs between 4. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape. Coagulation is a process of making colloidal matter dispersedsuspended in a liquid to join in a coherent mass.
Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical. Another type of tanks combine between flocculation and sedimentation in one tank and called solid contact flocculator clarifier. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation youtube. This would encourage depth filtration, and make use of. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation. Filtration the dual media filter the ideal, down flow filter would have larger diameter media near the top and smaller diameter media near the bottom. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Pdf in this study is present the advantages and disadvantages of the use of different type of coagulants and flocculants for industrial. Coagulation mostly happens in a rapid mixing tank for a few minutes. Coaguflocculation mechanism of flocculant and its physical model.
Coagulation is achieved by neutralizing the particles and thus, the repelling force between the particles is greatly reduced. Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration and coagulation coalescence. During coagulation, the coagulantalum are added to destabilize the surface charge of particles. In industry, you will hear the term coagulation and flocculation. Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste. After employing the flocculation process, the coagulated particles form a large agglomeration, which is also known as. Pdf comparative study between flocculationcoagulation. Coagulationflocculation treatment of municipal wastewater. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation scribd. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulationflocculationsedimentation, a coagulant is. The process of agglomeration of the destabilized particles to such a. Flocculation tanks are to be designed for a total flow rate of 49,200 m3d.
Flocculation is the agglomeration of destabilized particles into a large size particles known as flocs by slow mixing which can be effectively removed by sedimentation or flotation. Bantcheva department of chemical engineering, university of durban westville, south africa abstract. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. The design flow for a water treatment plant wtp is 1 mgd. Coagulation is the step where colloidal par ticles similar t o spheres of a diameter of less than 1 micrometer are destabilized. Coagulation refers to clotting of the blood and forming clots or large clumps. After coagulation the destabilized particles can collide, aggregate so flocs can be formed. Removal of precipitates coagulation rapid chemical mix destabilization of suspended particles flocculation slow mix.
The objective is to bring the particles into contact so that they will. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. The terms coagulation and flocculation are two separate processes, contrary to common usage. Efficiency of coagulationflocculation process used for semiconductor wastewater treatment was improved by selecting suitable conditions ph, polyelectrolyte type, and concentration through zeta. Start studying coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The zeta potential of the suspensions remained during the. Coagulation and flocculation provide the water treatment process by which finely divided suspended and colloidal matter in the water is made to agglomerate and form flocs.
Addition of positively charged particles in the coagulation process is aimed to destabilizing the colloids. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water terry l. Thus, coagulation and flocculation techniques are employed for separating these impurities from water. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment. Coagulationflocculation at a glance from operational point of view working principal suspended particles are destabilized by addition of coagulating agent adequacy relatively simple. Coagulation, flocculation and agglutination are terms that usually cause confusion. Precipitation is the process of formation of an insoluble solid mass. At the end of experiments, paired ttest analysis was used to determine the mean difference between the efficiency of removing contaminants under study by. Flocculation is stimulation by mechanical means to agglomerate destabilized particles into compact, fast settleable particles or flocs. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. What is the difference between coagulation and flocculation free download as word doc. Basically, coagulation is a process of addition of coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation, flocculation and clarification. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water.
The main difference between flocculation and precipitation is that flocculation forms floccules whereas precipitation forms precipitates. Coagulation, flocculation and precipitation vidyamitra. Comparator for the evaluation of floc size index in coagulation tests. Coagulationflocculation, ballast flocculation, affecting parameters, ts,tds,color and cod. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Engelhardt application development manager drinking water hach company photo by author the intent of this paper is to provide cursory information about coagulation. Introduction in surface water there are three types of compounds that must be.
Flocculation and sedimentation station 1 student pages your assignment is to clean a sample of water so it meets the state requirements for. This knowledge will provide a basis for understanding the needs of the. What is the exact differences between coagulation and. Coagulation coagulation civl 1112 water treatment coagulation and flocculation 37. As a result, they stay dispersed and dissolved or coagulation process colloidal in the water. Charge neutralization mechanism efficiency in water with. In the coagulation and flocculation solids processes,nonsettleable solids are converted into large and heavier settleables solids by physical chemical changes brought about by adding and mixing. Study on the factors affecting coagulation and flocculation in treatment of industrial effluents i.
Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Both processes involve the union of different suspended particles together. The zeta potential of initial wastewater, after coagulation and after coagulationflocculation treatment in the ph range 210, are shown in fig. However, they can be commonly adopted for destabilizing any suspension system. Coagulation involves the use of a coagulant which has the potential to destabilize the previously stabilized charged. Coagulation and flocculation are two main and important steps in drinking and wastewater treatment.
304 695 1294 1127 311 1330 865 1257 794 488 855 1480 238 952 1083 769 1277 451 69 1188 168 327 902 1633 678 1063 613 1611 1678 834 311 1333 506 369 826 1153 106 903 806 861 856 1295 1388 360